101年糖尿病 & Keys to Diabetes Self-Management
什么是糖尿病?
- A disease of high blood glucose (sugar) levels.
How does diabetes happen?
- Typically hereditary, the diabetes gene is activated with certain situations
(obesity, age, stress, injury, sleep deprivation, smoking).
What about food and insulin?
- We get energy from food, primarily in the form of glucose.
- All food turns into glucose, and we have glucose stored internally in our liver.
- A gland behind the stomach called the pancreas should make enough of the
hormone insulin to handle any food.
- Insulin unlocks the cells (the smallest component of the body) and allows
葡萄糖进入.
- With diabetes, the pancreas doesn't make enough insulin or use insulin
有效地.
- Without enough insulin, the glucose piles up in the bloodstream and can
造成很多问题.
What are the goals of diabetes self-management?
- Lower your glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol to a safe level.
- 过充实的生活!
When to call the doctor?
- If your glucose is less than 70 or more than 250 for two days.
-
If your glucose is less than 180 and you can't keep food down
(your medication dose may need changing).
- If you are vomiting or have diarrhea.
- If you are not tolerating your medication.
What do I do when I'm sick?
- Check glucose at least every four hours.
- Drink plenty of sugar-free, caffeine-free liquids (examples include water,
茶、汤).
- You still need small amounts of carbohydrate food for healing.
- If you take diabetes medication and glucose is more than 180, continue
常规剂量.
Keys to Diabetes Self-Management
-
〇健康饮食 Balance, timing, eating from a variety of nutrient-rich foods and being
carbohydrate aware (not cutting them out!).
-
〇积极主动 Helps control the amount of glucose and increases good (HDL) cholesterol.
Just 30 minutes of walking is equal to a pill for diabetes.
-
监控 (glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol) - Test glucose before breakfast
and before dinner, at the least.
Premeal goal: 70 to 120
-
To learn from meal choices:
Two hours after meal goal: less than 160
-
〇健康应对 Stress raises glucose and blood pressure. Stress can come from pain, lack
of sleep, work, planning for a trip, steroids, etc.
-
〇服用药物 Which ones are you taking? Don't skip, double up on or change medicine
without checking with your doctor.
-
促分泌素 - makes the pancreas release insulin
- (Glucotrol, Glyburide, Amaryl, Starlix, Prandin)
-
*Risk of hypoglycemia; take 15 to 30 minutes before a meal
-
双胍类药物, decrease liver glucose production (Glucophage)
-
*Risk of diarrhea, nausea (take WITH food to minimize)
- *Takes a couple of weeks to reach full effect
-
Thiazolidinediones - decreases insulin resistance (Actos, Avandia)
-
*Risk of swelling, weight gain, 4 to 8 weeks for full effect
-
胰岛素: the hormone; know its peak time to avoid low glucose
-
基底= background (Lantus, Levemir, NPH)
-
丸= mealtime or correction (Novolog, Humalog, Regular)
解决问题
-
低血糖症 (low glucose); less than 70
-
原因: 药物, missed meal, exercise, alcohol
-
迹象: shakiness, hunger, sleepiness, weakness, headache, irritability, sweating
-
治疗: 糖! Rule of 15 (15 grams sugar, wait 15 minutes, retest. 如果低,则为15
grams of sugar, retest, if above 70, eat)
-
高血糖 (high glucose); above 200
-
原因: too little medicine, stress, food choices
-
迹象: tired, increased urination, poor would healing
-
治疗: 药物
降低了风险
Certain tests reduce your risk of complications (yearly exams for eyes,
feet, cholesterol; regular A1C tests and dental visits)
Created by the Washington Hospital Diabetes Program Team.
510.818.6556.